防止電力生產(chǎn)事故的二十五項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)要求（2023版）

防止電力生產(chǎn)事故的二十五項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)要求
（2023 版）
國(guó)家能源局
二〇二三年三月目 錄
1 防止人身傷亡事故的重點(diǎn)要求....................................................................................................1
1.1 防止高處墜落事故.............................................................................................................1
1.2 防止觸電事故.....................................................................................................................3
1.3 防止物體打擊事故.............................................................................................................6
1.4 防止機(jī)械傷害事故.............................................................................................................7
1.5 防止灼燙傷害事故.............................................................................................................8
1.6 防止起重傷害事故.............................................................................................................9
1.7 防止坍塌傷害事故...........................................................................................................11
1.8 防止中毒窒息事故...........................................................................................................12
1.9 防止電力生產(chǎn)交通事故...................................................................................................15
1.10 防止電力生產(chǎn)淹溺事故.................................................................................................16
1.11 防止煙氣脫硫設(shè)備及其系統(tǒng)中人身傷亡事故.............................................................17
1.12 防止液氨儲(chǔ)罐泄漏、中毒、爆炸傷人事故.................................................................17
2 防止火災(zāi)事故的重點(diǎn)要求..........................................................................................................19
2.1 加強(qiáng)防火組織與消防設(shè)施管理.......................................................................................19
2.2 防止發(fā)電廠電纜著火事故...............................................................................................21
2.3 防止汽機(jī)油系統(tǒng)著火事故...............................................................................................23
2.4 防止燃油罐區(qū)及鍋爐油系統(tǒng)著火事故...........................................................................24
2.5 防止制粉系統(tǒng)爆炸事故...................................................................................................24
2.6 防止氫氣系統(tǒng)爆炸事故...................................................................................................25
2.7 防止輸煤皮帶著火事故...................................................................................................25
2.8 防止脫硫、濕除系統(tǒng)著火事故.......................................................................................26
2.9 防止氨系統(tǒng)著火爆炸事故...............................................................................................27
2.10 防止天然氣系統(tǒng)著火爆炸事故.....................................................................................28
2.11 防止風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組著火事故.........................................................................................30
2.12 防止電化學(xué)儲(chǔ)能電站火災(zāi)事故.....................................................................................32
3 防止電氣誤操作事故的重點(diǎn)要求..............................................................................................33
3.1防誤操作技術(shù)措施............................................................................................................33
3.2防誤操作管理措施............................................................................................................35
4 防止系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定破壞事故的重點(diǎn)要求..........................................................................................35
4.1 加強(qiáng)電源支撐能力...........................................................................................................35
4.2 加強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)...........................................................................................................37
4.3 加強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定分析及管理...............................................................................................38
4.4 增強(qiáng)電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)（二次系統(tǒng)）可靠性.......................................................................39
4.5 防止系統(tǒng)無(wú)功電壓穩(wěn)定破壞...........................................................................................40
4.6 加強(qiáng)大面積停電恢復(fù)能力...............................................................................................41
5 防止機(jī)網(wǎng)協(xié)調(diào)及風(fēng)電機(jī)組、光伏逆變器大面積脫網(wǎng)事故的重點(diǎn)要求..................................41
5.1 防止機(jī)網(wǎng)協(xié)調(diào)事故...........................................................................................................41
5.2 防止風(fēng)電機(jī)組、光伏逆變器大面積脫網(wǎng)事故...............................................................46
6 防止鍋爐事故的重點(diǎn)要求..........................................................................................................49
6.1 防止鍋爐尾部再次燃燒事故...........................................................................................49
I6.2 防止鍋爐爐膛爆炸事故...................................................................................................54
6.3 防止制粉系統(tǒng)爆炸和煤塵爆炸事故...............................................................................59
6.4 防止鍋爐滿(mǎn)水和缺水事故...............................................................................................62
6.5 防止鍋爐承壓部件失效事故...........................................................................................65
6.6 防止農(nóng)林生物質(zhì)發(fā)電事故...............................................................................................72
7 防止壓力容器等承壓設(shè)備爆破事故的重點(diǎn)要求......................................................................73
7.1 防止承壓設(shè)備超壓事故...................................................................................................73
7.2 防止氫罐等壓力容器爆炸事故.......................................................................................74
7.3 防止壓力容器脫檢漏檢...................................................................................................75
7.4 防止壓力容器違規(guī)使用...................................................................................................75
8 防止汽輪機(jī)、燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)事故的重點(diǎn)要求..................................................................................76
8.1 防止汽輪機(jī)超速事故.......................................................................................................76
8.2 防止汽輪機(jī)軸系斷裂及損壞事故...................................................................................77
8.3 防止汽輪機(jī)大軸彎曲事故...............................................................................................79
8.4 防止汽輪機(jī)、燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)軸瓦損壞事故...........................................................................82
8.5 防止燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)超速事故...................................................................................................84
8.6 防止燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)軸系斷裂及損壞事故...............................................................................85
8.7 防止燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)燃?xì)庀到y(tǒng)泄漏爆炸事故...........................................................................88
9 防止分散控制系統(tǒng)失靈事故的重點(diǎn)要求..................................................................................90
9.1 防止分散控制系統(tǒng)供電系統(tǒng)事故...................................................................................90
9.2 防止分散控制系統(tǒng)硬件事故...........................................................................................91
9.3 防止就地?zé)峁ぴO(shè)備異常引發(fā)事故...................................................................................92
9.4 防止因檢修、維護(hù)不當(dāng)引發(fā)事故...................................................................................94
9.5 防止保護(hù)系統(tǒng)失靈事故...................................................................................................94
9.6 防止模擬量調(diào)節(jié)事故.......................................................................................................96
9.7 防止RB系統(tǒng)事故............................................................................................................96
9.8 防止分散控制系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)事故...........................................................................................96
9.9 防止水電廠（站）計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)事故.......................................................................97
9.10 防止水機(jī)保護(hù)失靈.......................................................................................................100
9.11 主控系統(tǒng)失靈的緊急處理措施...................................................................................102
10 防止發(fā)電機(jī)及調(diào)相機(jī)損壞事故的重點(diǎn)要求..........................................................................102
10.1 防止定子繞組故障.......................................................................................................102
10.2 防止定子鐵心故障.......................................................................................................104
10.3 防止轉(zhuǎn)子繞組故障.......................................................................................................105
10.4 防止轉(zhuǎn)子大軸及護(hù)環(huán)損傷...........................................................................................107
10.5 防止內(nèi)冷水系統(tǒng)故障...................................................................................................108
10.6 防止發(fā)生局部過(guò)熱.......................................................................................................110
10.7 防止氫冷發(fā)電機(jī)漏氫...................................................................................................111
10.8 防止勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)故障引起設(shè)備損壞...............................................................................113
10.9 防止出線及外部回路設(shè)備故障...................................................................................114
10.10 防止非正常運(yùn)行造成設(shè)備損壞.................................................................................116
10.11 防止水輪發(fā)電機(jī)啟停故障.........................................................................................117
10.12 加強(qiáng)在線監(jiān)測(cè)裝置運(yùn)行管理.....................................................................................118
10.13 防止檢修不當(dāng)造成設(shè)備損壞.....................................................................................118
II11 防止發(fā)電機(jī)勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)事故的重點(diǎn)要求..................................................................................119
11.1 勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的重點(diǎn)要求...........................................................................................119
11.2 勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)基建安裝及設(shè)備改造的重點(diǎn)要求...............................................................120
11.3 勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)調(diào)整試驗(yàn)的重點(diǎn)要求...................................................................................121
11.4 勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行安全的重點(diǎn)要求...................................................................................122
12 防止大型變壓器和互感器損壞事故的重點(diǎn)要求..................................................................123
12.1 防止變壓器出口短路事故...........................................................................................123
12.2 防止變壓器絕緣事故...................................................................................................124
12.3 防止變壓器保護(hù)事故...................................................................................................125
12.4 防止分接開(kāi)關(guān)事故.......................................................................................................125
12.5 防止變壓器套管事故...................................................................................................126